The Lodestar

Sanctification, a fundamental idea in Christian theology, refers to the continual process of gradually transforming believers into the image of Christ. It combines God’s initiation and human participation, representing the believer’s quest for holiness, moral purity, and spiritual regeneration. At its essence, sanctification refers to being set apart for God’s purposes and growing in conformity with His will, a path that continues throughout the believer’s life. This notion, which has its roots in biblical theology, has been interpreted in numerous ways across Christian traditions, providing significant insights into the nature of spiritual development and maturity.

Sanctification vs Justification

The term is derived from the Greek word hagiasmos, meaning to be made sacred or sanctified. Despite their close relationship, sanctification is separate from justification in Christian teaching. While justification refers to the believer’s legal standing before God, which is made righteous by faith in Christ’s atoning blood, sanctification refers to the process of being righteous in practice and character. This dual feature represents a central conflict in Christian soteriology, where believers are justified (proclaimed righteous) and sanctified (made righteous).

Sanctification in Church Traditions:

Many Protestant traditions view sanctification as a work of grace that occurs due to the believer’s continual connection with Christ. Reformed theology, for example, emphasises sola gratia (grace alone) in justification and sanctification. This emphasis on grace reassures believers that their sanctification is not a solitary journey but a process guided by the power of the Holy Spirit. Here, sanctification is viewed as a necessary result of justification as the believer’s life grows to mirror the holiness to which they are called.

Wesleyan and Methodist traditions view sanctification as a process towards “Christian perfection.” As John Wesley articulated, this concept challenges believers to strive for a profound and transformative relationship with God. Through God’s sanctifying grace, believers develop perfect love for God and neighbour in this life, although not absolute sinlessness. This teaching of “entire sanctification” emphasises the transformational power of grace, claiming that believers can be cleansed entirely of sinful tendencies as they grow in their capacity for love and purity.

Sanctification is more than just a moral or ethical improvement. It is a profound spiritual metamorphosis that includes rejuvenating the mind and emotions. This process is commonly viewed in two ways: definitive and progressive sanctification. Definitive sanctification is the believer’s initial consecration at the time of salvation when they are set apart as holy before God. On the other hand, progressive sanctification is the continual, lifetime process of increasing holiness and conforming to the image of Christ through the empowering activity of the Holy Spirit. Thus, sanctification points to the believer’s future hope for glorification. This eschatological perspective emphasises that sanctification will be completed when Christ returns, and believers will be conformed to His likeness, free of sin and death. Hence, sanctification covers the current experience of spiritual growth and the prospect of ultimate future transformation.